physiology practical part 1 ~~missing answer!

spe2 yg nk completekn jwpn part 1 yg kosong tuh..leh amek neh la ek..
mse bengkel tamayyuzz hri tuh group physiology ter buang jwpn neh..
okeh..gudluck PHYSIO!!!!!

SIMPLE MUSCLE SWITCH
Mention factors affecting SMT.
1) TYPE OF MUSCLES
2) INITIAL LENGTH
3) TEMPERATURE
4) FATIGUE
5) STAIRCASE PHENOMENON

2. The gradation of muscular contraction include the following.
1) MUSCLE LEGNTH
2) MUSCLE TENSION
3) WORK DONE
4) HEAT PRODUCE
5) MECHANICAL EFICIENCY






EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE IN SIMPLE MUSCLE TWITCH

1 Rigor means STIFFNESS OF MUSCLE


And it types are
a) MORTIS
b) HEAT
c) CONTRACTURE


2 Treppe phenomenon means
EFFECTIVE STIMULI OF EQUAL STRENGTH ARE SUCCESIVELY APPLIED TO A RESTING MUSCLE AT A RATE WHICH DOES NOT PRODUCE FATIGUE, THE FIRST FEW CONTRACTION BECOMES PROGRESSIVELY STRONGER.

& it causes are EFFECTIVE STIMULI OF EQUAL STRENGTH ARE SUCCESIVELY APPLIED TO A RESTING MUSCLE AT A RATE WHICH DOES NOT PRODUCE FATIGUE, THE FIRST FEW CONTRACTION BECOMES PROGRESSIVELY STRONGER.
1) REDUCED K+ IONS INSIDE THE FIBRES ? INCREASE RELEASE IN CA2+ FROM S.R ? BETTER CONTRACTION
2) INCREASE CA2+ IONS CONCENTRATION INSIDE THE MUSCLE FIBRE ? MORE BINDING OF CA2+ TO TROPONIN C ? STRONGER CONTRACTION
3) WARMING UP OF THE MUSCLE ? FACILITATES 2ND CONTRACTION




EFFECT OF FATIGUE IN SIMPLE MUSCLE TWITCH

1 Fatigue means INABILITY OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION

2 In isolated nerve-muscle preparation, the first site of fatigue is MEP due to DEPLETION OF ACH and, the second site of fatigue is MUSCLE due to DEPLETION OF ATP & O2 LACK

3 Physiological contracture means SUSTAIN CONTRACTION WITHOUT RELAXATION
It occurs in SKELETAL muscles due to FATIGUE OF MUSCLE






4 What are the effects of the following pathological conditions on systolic, diastolic and pulse
pressure and why?

a) Atherosclerosis
b) Anaemia, fever and hyperthyroidism


DECREASED IN ELASTICITY IN ARTERIAL WALLS WHICH RESULTS IN AN INCREASE OF THE PERIPHERRAL RESISITANCE & INCREASE OF BOTH SYSTOLIC & DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE ( SYSTOLIC IS EFFECTED MORE THAN DIASTOLIC)

VISCOSITY IF BLOOD DECREASE. THUS DECREASING THE PERIPHERAL RESISITANCE. THIS WILL INCREASE THE SYSTOLIC THAN THE DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE.